An Android library providing APIs to interact with iBeacons
iBeacons are small hardware devices that send out Low Energy Bluetooth signals with unique identifiers. These are useful for building mobile apps that can "see" the iBeacons, and approximate how far they are away, up to a hundred feet or so. Apple came up with the technology as part of iOS7, which natively contains APIs to interact with them.
It allows Android devices to use iBeacons much like iOS devices do. An app can request to get notifications when one or more iBeacons appear or disappear. An app can also request to get a ranging update from one or more iBeacons at a frequency of 1Hz. The iBeacon Locate App in the Google Play store demonstrates these capabilities.
You can buy our iBeacon Development Kit that includes everything you need to get started. Radius Networks also sells active iBeacons suitable for deployment. For testing purposes, an iBeacon can be made out of an any iOS7 device that supports Low Energy Bluetooth using Apple's AirLocate sample code available here Unfortunately, it is not possible to make an iBeacon out of an Android device, because the Android Bluetooth LE APIs do not support the peripheral mode needed to send advertisement packets like in iBeacon. Fortunately, Radius Networks provides a free Linux virtual machine that when paired with a cheap Bluetooth LE dongle, acts as an iBeacon.
This library requires Android 4.3 (SDK version 18), because that is earliest SDK that supports low energy Bluetooth. The mobile device must also have a low energy Bluetooth chipset, sometimes called BLE or Bluetooth 4.0. As of September 2013, Android devices known to have BLE include: Samsung Galaxy S3/S4, Samsung Galaxy Note II, HTC One, Nexus 7 2013 edition, Nexus 4, HTC Butterfly, Droid DNA
- The app must be given two privileges: android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, android.permission.BLUETOOTH
- On the Nexus 4, Bluetooth and WiFi do not work properly at the same time. If this library is used on the Nexus 4 when WiFi is active, it may cause a dropped WiFi connection, inability to do Wifi scans, delays in seeing iBeacons, or a total inability to see iBeacons. Turning off WiFi on the Nexus 4 solves these problems.
When the service is running and scanning for Bluetooth devices, Wifi scans are blocked until the bluetooth scan stops. Similarly, if a Wifi scan is started, bluetooth scans are blocked (along with discovery of iBeacons) until the Wifi scan completes.
- The Android library supports wildcards for ALL iBeacon identifiers, allowing you to look see any iBeacon.
- The Ranging updates come every 1.1 seconds instead of 1.0 seconds due to time synchronization issues with Android Bluetooth scanning.
- The distance estimating algorithm approximates the iOS implementation, but it is not identical
- Ranging updates may be passed to background applications as well as foreground applications.
This software is available under the Apache License 2.0, allowing you to use the library in your applications.
- Do a git clone of this project
- Import it as an existing project into your Eclipse workspace
- In a new/existing Android Application project, go to Project -> Properties -> Android -> Library -> Add, then select the imported project from step 2.
- Add the follwoing sdk and permission declarations to your AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="18"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
- Add the following service declarations to your AnroidManifest.xml, replacing {my app's package name} with the fully qualified package name of your Android application.
<service android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
android:isolatedProcess="false"
android:label="iBeacon"
android:name="com.radiusnetworks.ibeacon.service.IBeaconService">
</service>
<service android:enabled="true"
android:name="com.radiusnetworks.ibeacon.IBeaconIntentProcessor">
<meta-data android:name="background" android:value="true" />
<intent-filter
android:priority="1" >
<action android:name="{my app's package name}.DID_RANGING" />
<action android:name="{my app's package name}.DID_MONITORING" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
A minimalist [reference application][https://github.com/RadiusNetworks/android-ibeacon-reference] is available on GitHub that demonstrates basic ranging and monitoring. It is based on the examples below.
public class MonitoringActivity extends Activity implements IBeaconConsumer {
protected static final String TAG = "RangingActivity";
private IBeaconManager iBeaconManager = IBeaconManager.getInstanceForApplication(this);
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_ranging);
iBeaconManager.bind(this);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
iBeaconManager.unBind(this);
}
@Override
public void onIBeaconServiceConnect() {
iBeaconManager.setMonitorNotifier(new MonitorNotifier() {
@Override
public void didEnterRegion(Region region) {
Log.i(TAG, "I just saw an iBeacon for the firt time!");
}
@Override
public void didExitRegion(Region region) {
Log.i(TAG, "I no longer see an iBeacon");
}
@Override
public void didDetermineStateForRegion(int state, Region region) {
Log.i(TAG, "I have just switched from seeing/not seeing iBeacons: "+state);
}
});
try {
iBeaconManager.startMonitoringBeaconsInRegion(new Region("myMonitoringUniqueId", null, null, null));
} catch (RemoteException e) { }
}
}
public class RangingActivity extends Activity implements IBeaconConsumer {
protected static final String TAG = "RangingActivity";
private IBeaconManager iBeaconManager = IBeaconManager.getInstanceForApplication(this);
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_ranging);
iBeaconManager.bind(this);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
iBeaconManager.unBind(this);
}
@Override
public void onIBeaconServiceConnect() {
iBeaconManager.setRangeNotifier(new RangeNotifier() {
@Override
public void didRangeBeaconsInRegion(Collection<IBeacon> iBeacons, Region region) {
if (iBeacons.size() > 0) {
Log.i(TAG, "The first iBeacon I see is about "+iBeacons.iterator().next().getAccuracy()+" meters away.");
}
}
});
try {
iBeaconManager.startRangingBeaconsInRegion(new Region("myRangingUniqueId", null, null, null));
} catch (RemoteException e) { }
}
}
The API is a modeled of the iBeacon parts of the iOS Location SDK as much as possible. The table below shows the Android Class and the equivalent iOS class, with a link to the iOS documentation. There are also JavaDocs of the APIs available here
| Android | iOS |
|---|---|
| Region | CLBeaconRegion |
| IBeacon | CLBeacon |
| IBeaconManager | CLLocationManager |
| IBeaconConsumer | N/A |
| MonitorNotifier | CLLocationManagerDelegate |
| RangeNotifier | CLLocationManagerDelegate |
Send a note to david at radiusnetworks dot com